Homemade Croissants Step-by-Step (Print Version)

# Ingredients:

→ Dough (détrempe)

01 - 2 1/4 teaspoons instant yeast or active dry yeast
02 - 160 g whole milk lukewarm
03 - 120 g water
04 - 470 g all-purpose flour plus extra for dusting
05 - 50 g granulated sugar
06 - 1 1/2 teaspoons salt
07 - 30 g unsalted butter room temperature

→ Butter block (beurrage)

08 - 250 g unsalted butter room temperature
09 - 1 1/2 tbsp all-purpose flour

→ Egg Wash

10 - 1 large egg

# Instructions:

01 - In a large bowl add the milk, water, yeast and sugar. If using active dry yeast, let it sit for 5-10 minutes until frothy. Skip this step if using instant yeast. Add the flour and salt and combine until a rough dough forms.
02 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and begin kneading. Work the dough for about 3 minutes to start developing the gluten. The dough should become smoother and less sticky. Once the gluten has begun to develop, add the 30g of room temperature butter to the dough. Continue kneading for another few minutes until the butter is fully incorporated.
03 - Shape the dough into a ball, place it in a greased bowl, cover it with plastic wrap or a towel, and let it rise for 1-2 hours, or until doubled in size. Once risen, punch down the dough to release air, roll it into a rough rectangle, wrap it in plastic, and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes or overnight.
04 - Mix 250g butter with 1 1/2 tbsp flour until combined. Place the butter between two sheets of parchment paper and roll it into a 20x15cm (8x6 inch) rectangle, about .5 cm (1/4 inch) thick. To get clean, straight edges, fold the edges of the parchment paper around the butter block to create a square frame, then press the butter with the rolling pin to fit neatly into this frame. Refrigerate the butter block until it's firm.
05 - Remove your butter block from the fridge and roll it in the parchment paper a bit with the rolling pin to make it pliable and mouldable. It should be cold but be able to be bent a bit. On a floured surface, roll the chilled dough into a 20x32 cm (8x12.5 inch) rectangle. The dough should be twice the height of the butter, and around the same width. Place the butter block in the center of the dough, folding the top and bottom edges over the butter to fully encase it like a letter. Press this seal closed with your fingertips. Use a sharp knife to make shallow slits along the edges of the dough. This helps prevent excessive tension in the dough, especially if it's slightly too tight around the butter block. Turn it 90 degrees so the crease where you encased it is vertically in front of you.
06 - Applying gentle pressure, roll the dough into long rectangle about 6mm thick. Don't worry about how wide it is. Always roll forward with gentle, even pressure and focus on length not width. Avoid pushing too hard, which can tear the dough and crack the butter layers. Ensure the dough is not sticking to the bench, and dust with more flour if needed. Once rolled, cut off the uneven top and bottom edges. Brush away excess flour on the dough. Fold the top third of the dough down and the bottom third up, like folding a letter. Wrap in plastic, and refrigerate for 30-60 minutes.
07 - Place the dough so it's vertically infront of you. Repeat the rolling process as before. Cut off scraggly or uneven bits of dough to maintain clean, sharp edges. Fold into thirds, turn, wrap, and refrigerate for 30-60 minutes.
08 - Repeat the folding process one more time, then refrigerate for at least 2 hours.
09 - After the final rest, roll the dough into a 60x30 cm (24x12 inch) rectangle, about 5 mm (1/4 inch) thick. Mark 5 cm (2 inches) intervals along the top and bottom edge of the dough rectangle. Cut diagonal lines connecting the top marks to the bottom marks to form triangles. You should get around 12 triangles and two off cuts. Gently stretch each triangle, especially along the base. Starting from the wide base, roll the triangle toward the tip. Tuck the tip under the croissant to secure it and curve the edges into a crescent shape.
10 - Place the croissants on baking trays lined with parchment paper. Cover loosely with plastic wrap or a towel and let them proof for 2-5 hours at room temperature, until doubled in size and visibly puffy. If you shake the tray gently the croissants should jiggle.
11 - Preheat the oven to 200°C/400°F. Whisk the egg with a tablespoon of water and use a pastry brush to brush the tops of the croissants with the egg wash. Bake the croissants for around 20-22 minutes until deeply browned. Croissants are great served fresh on the day they are baked. The layers in the croissants will be most prominent if the croissant has cooled down to room temperature before slicing.

# Notes:

01 - Use high-quality butter (European-style butter) with a higher fat content (82% or more) for better layers and flakiness.
02 - Keep the butter and dough cold throughout the process to prevent the butter from melting into the dough.
03 - Lamination is easier in a cool kitchen. If the butter starts softening, refrigerate the dough frequently.
04 - Clean edges help ensure that the layers stay neat and even.
05 - During proofing, don't place croissants in spots warmer than 26°C (79°F) or the butter will melt.

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